On 10th Zilhajj 632 Hijri after the migration Prophet (PBUH) performed first and last Hajj of his life. During this Hajj Prophet done his farewell exhortation and gave the Muslims complete code of life and covers the every aspect of human life. It is considered the best among the best charter in the history of mankind because it is delivered by the most merciful, truthful and trustworthy man in antiquity of mankind. In the plain of Arafat, near the Jablur Rehman, he delivered the first charter of Human rights. Hajjat ul Wida considered the most important charter in the history of civil rights. The Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad SAW initially gave the concept of Human rights. Before Islam well-heeled people considered themselves a god and there is no concept of equity and human rights. He SAW came up with this perception of human rights some fourteen hundred years ago. His last sermon, Khutba-e-Hajjat-ul-Wida, was the charter of civil liberties. Western who becomes the standard bearer of human rights adopted this concept from Muslims in the very late era, not earlier than 20th century. Some of the important points He SAW covered are as follow….Firstly He SAW said people listen to my words, for I do not know I shall be in our midst after this year. Remember that you shall have to appear before your Lord, Who will demand from you the account of your actions.
First time in History of humankind He SAW teaches that all the people are children of Adam and therefore equal to one another. No one is superior to others. He said O people, listens to my words and remembers that all Muslims are brothers and are equal to one another. No Arab has an edge over the non-Arab; no white is superior to the black. The only mark of superiority is piety. He SAW also declared that no one can take life, property or honor of the others. O people listen to my words and remember that all Muslims are brothers unto one another. As you are one in brotherhood you will not take your brother’s belongings, which he will not give you out of goodwill. Guard yourself against committing injustice. He PBUH laid special emphasis on the rights of women and asked the people to treat them with kindness. First time in Arab society, the rights were given to women and they were given due respect. He said O people you have right over your wives and your wives have right over you. Treat your wives with kindness. Verily you have taken them on the security of Allah and made them lawful unto you by words of Allah.
He PBUH raised the status of slaves and made them equal in matter of food and clothing with their master. And feed your slave as you feed yourselves and cloth your servants as you cloth yourselves. If they commit any mistake, which you are unwilling to forgive then sell them for they are the servants of Allah and not to be treated harshly. Hazrat Muhammad SAW gave equal status to all the people irrespective of their color or race. Khutba Hajjat ul Wida is a comprehensive charter of Human rights. In this charter all people were made equal and all types of distinctions were eliminated between the slaves and masters and between the rich and the poor.
No doubt the UN charter of Human rights is complete and well designed and every civilized man respects it but all this is made after so many chaos, wars and experiments. While on the other hand Prophet Muhammad SAW teaches all this in the light of divine intervention 1400 years ago.